Ponds and Drawdowns

By Ryan Jones and Keith Meals

Winter drawdowns can be used to manage nuisance aquatic vegetation or manipulate fish populations. Ponds should be drawn down in November to expose 25-50% of the pond bottom (depending on specific pond topography) and then allowed to refill in February. A drainpipe is needed to maintain a consistent water level over winter.

Unfortunately, many pond owners in Mississippi must deal with problem vegetation, but aquatic herbicides are sometimes expensive and require specialized treatment methods. Winter drawdown is another alternative because it exposes vegetation to drying and freezing conditions that can reduce plant abundance the following year. Additionally, shallow areas often have the most aquatic weed problems.

While the water levels are down, use a bulldozer to excavate the shoreline to a minimum of 3 feet deep. To prevent weeds from becoming re-established, make sure there is at least a three-to-one slope at the edges. Excess dirt can then be used to build earthen fi shing piers, islands, or submerged humps, which will serve as great fish attractors. Plant some vegetation (such as winter wheat) on these structures as soon as possible to keep winter rains from washing soil back into the pond. Monitor weed encroachment and follow up with herbicide treatments in the spring if necessary.

Other habitat enhancements:

• Brush tops and felled trees should be added and replenished over time to maintain the quality woody cover in shallow, medium, and deep water.

• Pea gravel beds should be constructed in 2-4 feet of water to promote bream reproduction and provide fish attractors in areas where bank fi shing occurs often.